Power-transmission device.



C. M. IVIANLY.

POWER TRANSMISSION DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. I3. I9II- RENEWED IULY I0, I916- L w wo memedset. 4,1917.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

AI My C. M. MANLY.

POWER TRANSMISSION DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. I3. I91!- RENEWED JULY I0, I916.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Attest:

Patented Se t. 4,1917.

C.- M. MANLY.

7 POWER TRANSMISSION DEVICE. APPLICATION FILED MAR-13.1911. RENEWED JULY10. 1916.

lpwmm Patented @9 11. 4,1917.

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CHARLES M. MANLY, 0F BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

POWER-TRANSMISSION DEVICE.

. Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented se t. a, 1911?.

Application filed March 13, 1911, Serial No. 614,131. Renewed July 10,1916. Serial No. 108,449.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, CHARLES M. MANLY, acitizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, county of Kings, andState of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inPower-Transmission Devices, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to power transmission devices and more particularlyto trans mission devices embodying a variable speed hydraulic gear ofthe type disclosed in my application Serial No. 525,925 dated Nov. 2,1909. A hydraulic speed gear of the type referred to comprises avariable stroke pump to be driven by the prime mover and a hydraulicmotor so connected with the pump that the pump, motor and connectionsform a closed circuit which is maintained full of oil or'some otherincompressible fluid. The speed of the motor is determined by the volumeof flow in the fluid circuit and variations in speed are effected byvarying the stroke of the pump. With hydraulic power the powertransmitted is measured by the volume of fluid circulated multiplied bythe pressure, hence, assuming the power transmitted to be constant, itfollows that any decrease in the volume circulated is ac companied by acorresponding increase in pressure. Therefore the maximum torque whichmay be obtained by decreasing the volume of fluid circulated is limitedto such pressure on the 'fluid as is Within a safe working strength ofthe pump and motor and their connecting passages. It is thereforecustomary to provide hydraulic transmission devices of this type with asafety valve adapted to short circuit the pump when the pressure of thefluid reaches the maximum permitted by the strength of the parts.

Most machines which start under load require a larger driving torque tostart them than to keep them running even at full speed but somemachines, particularly motor vehicles whichmeet with varying conditionsof running, require at times considerably more driving torque than isusually required even for starting. To meet these conditions with ahydraulic transmission as at present constructed, a transmission has tobe provided which is much larger and stronger than is necessary fornormal running conditions and it is the principal obect of my inventionto provide means whereby the range of torques exerted on the drivenmember may be at times increased without increasing the pressure on thefluid of the hydraulic transmission so that a transmission of propersize for normal conditions may be employed and yet be able to overcomeabnormal resistances.

A further object of my invention is to provide means for controlling thetransmission whereby certain of the shifting mechanisms can be operatedonly when the parts of the transmission are in such relative positionsthat no damage can result from the shifting.

A further object of the invention is to provide a transmission of thecharacter described which is simple in construction and eflicient inoperation.

In the accompanying drawings and annexed specifications I have discloseda preferred embodiment of my invention as applied to a motor vehicle,but it is to be.

understood that my invention is not limited to such application, or tothe details of construction here disclosed but covers all. suchmodifications of the same as fall within the scope of the appendedclaims.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a plan view of the chassisof a motorvehicle equipped with myinvention.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the mechanism shown in Fig. l, certainparts being shown in section.

Figs 3 and 4 are detail views hereinafter referred to.

Figs. 5, 6 and 7 are detail views on an enlarged scale of thecontrolliilg devices of the hydraulic and the reducing gears.

In the drawings in which like characters indicate like parts throughoutthe several views, 1 indicates the frame of the vehicle. 2 the engineand 3 the casing of the hydraulic transmission. The transmissionselected for this application is the sameas that shown in detail in myapplication above referred to and the details of the same are nottherefore shown in thedrawings of this case, but

a brief description of so much of the mechanism as is necessary for anunderstanding of my present invention will now be given. In

the forward part of the casing 3 a multiby the middle .part of thecasing is a hydraulic motor, also of the multi-cylinder type, themotor-being mounted in the rear part of the casing and having drivingconnection with the shaft 4. In order to con. trol the speed'anddirection of movement of the motor, the pump is provided with mechanismwhereby the stroke of its pistons may be varied so -as to cause thefluid in circulation to vary from a maximum amount flowing in onedirection through zero to a mainmumamount flowing in the reversedirection, and this mechanism is controlled by a bar 5 adapted to bereciprocated transversely of the vehicle by mechanism hereinafterdescribed. The bar 5 has a neutral position corresponding to the zeroposition of the pump and movement of the bar in either direction fromthis position causes the pump to force oil to the motor in thecorresponding direction and in quantities proportionate to the extent ofmovement of the bar. The passages of the fluid circuit are provided witha by-pass valve 6 adapted when opened to short-circuit the pump and;motor to ermit independent operation of either.

11 the above described mechanism is disclosed in my application abovereferred to and constitutes so much thereof as is necessary to anunderstanding of the present invention, which will now be descrlbed.

Rotatably mounted in the frame in front of the casing 3 is a shaft 7provided with a pedal 8 pro ecting through the foot board 9. Rigidlymounted on the shaft 7 adjacent the pedal is an arm 10 projectingrearwardly from the shaft and engaging under an arm 11 of a three-armlever 12 pivoted to the pump casing at 13 as shown. A second arm 14 ofthe lever extends downwardly from the pivot 13 and is operativelyconnected to one arm of abell-crank 15, pivoted on the pump casing at 16for movement in a horizontal plane. The other arm of the bellcrank 15 isconnected to the stem of the bypass valve 6 in such manner that counterclockwise movement ofithe 3-arm lever 12 opens the valve therebypermitting the pump and motor to run free of each other. The third arm17. of the three-arm lever is provided with a push bolt 18 extendingthrough the foot board 9, and a spring 19 is arranged between the arm 11and the foot board to bolt in its elevated position.

Alsmrigidly attached to the shaft 7 at a point near one end is adepending arm 20, which arm is connected by a pin and slot connectionwith the upper end of a brake operating lever 21 pivoted on a stud 22proectin from the pump casing. The brakes may e of any desired type andare here shown merely in outline as of the internal the bar is a clampcollar 26 provided with a spring pressed pawl 27 adapted to snap over infront of the bar 5 when the brake is applied and the by-pass valveopened by the operation of the pedal 8-. The purpose of this mechanismis to hold the parts against return movement until thecOntrol bar 5 ismoved to set the pump at its zero position,

' in which position of the control bar a slot 28 in the upper side ofthe bar registers with the pawl and permits the brakes to release andthe spring 19 to close the by-pass valve.

. For operating the control bar 5 to control the speed and direction ofmovement of the provided. This lever vehicle, a lever 29 is is attachedto the pro ecting end of. a rocking shaft 30 carried by the vehicleframe. Also'attached to shaft 30 is a depending arm 31 operativelyconnected to a bellcrank 32 ivoted for movement in a h.0ri-

zontal plane on bracket 33'attached to the frame. The bell-crank. 32 isconnected to the control bar 5 by means of a lever 34 fulcrumed on thepump links 35.

The shaft 4 is driven by the. hydraulic motor and extends rearwardlyinto a gear casing 36 supported in any convenient mancasing by the nerby the rear axle and the vehicle frame.-

The shaft is of the usual jointed construction and has attached to itsend beyond the bearing of the gear casing, a spur gear 37 provided witha rearwardly' extending clutch member 38. Mounted in the gear casing 36in alinement with the shaft 4 is a shaft 39 having a' forwardlyprojecting squared portion on which is slidingly mounted a spur gear 40provided with a clutch member 41, adapted to engage the clutch member38. A shaft 42 is mounted in the gear casing parallel to'the shaft 39and slidingly mounted on the shaft 42-is a gear 43 adapted to mesh withthe gear 37. A second gear 44 adapted to mesh with gear 40 The rod 25extends over the stroke is fixed to shaft 42. The shaft 39 has attachedto its rear end beyond its bearing a bevel gear 63 meshing with thebevel gear 64 of the usual differential on the rear axle,-

which'is also inclosed in the gear case 36.

The-gears 37, 40, 43 and 44 are so propor-.

tioned that when the gear 37 is in mesh with gear 43 and the gear 40 isin mesh with the gear 44, the shaft 39 is driven at about one the rearof the hydraulic motor. Attached,

to the shaft 49 is a second arm 50, connected by means of a rod 51 to alever 52 mounted on the side of the casing 36. This lever is connectedto and adapted'to reciprocate a rod 53 mounted in the casing 36 and at-'tached to the rod 53 is a block 54 to which is pivoted a lever 55,fulcrumed at 56 in the casing. The lever 55 is connected to the hub ofthe sliding gear and clutch member 40, 41 and 57 and at its free end tothe sliding gear 43 so that movement of the lever simultaneously shiftsboth gears. A spring 58 is arranged on the rod 53 to hold the gears outof mesh and the clutch members in engagement.

The pedal lever 45 is provided with a locking member 59 engaging a plate'60 on the foot board so that the pedal may be held depressed and thegears held in engagement without holding the pedal with the foot.Attached to the rod 47 at the point where the rod passes under thecontrol bar 5 is a clamp collar 61' having an upstanding lug adapted toengage either side of the bar to prevent movement of the rod andconsequently prevent the gears being shifted except when the lug is inalinement with a groove 62 on the under side of the bar 5, the groovebeing cut at a position to register with the lug-when the bar' is at itszero position.

The operation of the transmission is as follows: I

Assuming the road conditions to be fair and the load not excessive, theoperator can start the vehicle (after starting his engine) with theelements of the reducing gear mechanism set for direct driving as shownin Fig. l, by moving the pump control lever 29 out of its zero positionin the direction it is desired to travel. If" it is desired to stop thevehicle it may be done either by-returning the lever 29 to the zeroopening the by-pass valve 6 and setting the brakes by means of the pedal8 as fully described above. hen the latter method is employed the" pumpcontinues in motion" with its stroke set for normal running speed andshould the by-pass valve be closed and the brakes released with the pumpso set position or by ,grade'or bad roads necessitating a driving torquegreater than permitted by the safety valve of the hydraulic transmissionwhen coupled Y for direct driving the operator can set the reducinggears in their low speed position-by means of the pedal 45 and lockingmember 59, thereby reducing the speed of the driving wheels relativelyto the motor shaft 4 so that the same pressure in the hydraulictransmission will exert a correspondingly greater torque on the drivingwheels. \Vhen the conditions again become normal the operator may return the parts to their direct driving position, butshould hedo thiswhile the gears are in motion they would probably be broken or damagedand to prevent this the rod 47 is provided with the clamp collar 61having the lug to engage on either side of the control bar 5 and preventthe gears being shifted either-into or out of engagement except when thecontrol bar isset in its zero position where the groove 62 registerswith the lug on collar 61.

When the vehicle is driven through the reducing gear it is still'capable of the sensitive control permitted by the hydraulic gear whendriving direct, and as the toothed gears cannot be shifted except whenthe parts are stationary the disadvantages resul'ting from the use ofthis form of gear alone are avoided.

variable speed gear transmission driven by the motor of the hydraulictransmission and operatable to drivethe part to be driven .at differentspeeds in the same'direction of rotation, substantially as described.

2.'Tn a power transmission mechanism the combination with a hydraulictransmis- 81011 of a variable speed gear transmission,

of means for controlling the hydraulic transmission and meanscooperating therewith for controlling said geartransmissiomsubstantialiy as described.

3. In a power transmission mechanism the combination with a variablespeed hydraulic transmission embodying a driving member and a drivenmember of a device to be operated and means for optionally connectingsaid device directly to the driven mem= her of said transmission orthrough the medium of a reducing gear, to drive said device in the samedirection,

4. Ina power transmission mechanism the combination with a variablespeed hytransmission, embodying a variable capacity pump and a motoroperated by the fluid pressure from the pump, of a part to be driven, aclutch-between the rotatable part of said motor an d'said part to bedriven,

'a reducing gear between said parts for driving them'in the samedirection, and means for simultaneously shifting said clutch and Y igear.

6. In a power transmission mechanism,

the, combination of a variable speed hyworking pressure of the fluid, ofmeans for draulic transmission embodying a variable capacity pump and amotor 'operated'by the fluid pressure rom the pump whereby the torque ofthe motor is limited to a safe connecting said motor directly to thepart to be driven, and means operatable at will for connecting themotor'to the part to be driven, to'drive the same at a reduced speed inthe same direction whereby. the torque exerted by the driven part may beincreased without increasing the fluid pressure in the" hydraulictransmission.

7. In a power transmission mechanism the combination with a hydraulictransmission of a variable speed gear transmission and means to preventshifting of the gear transm1ssion except when the hydraulic transmissionis inoperative, substantially as described.

8. In a power transmission mechanism the combination with a variablespeed hydraulic transmission embodying a variable stroke pump havingmeans comprising a shiftable member for varying its stroke from zero toa maximum, of a variable speed gear transmission having a shiftablecontrol member controlled by the shiftable member of the stroke varyingmeans, substantially as described. I

.9. In a power transmission mechanism the combination with a hydraulictransmission embodying a driving and a driven member the combinationwith a hydraulic transmission embodying a variable capacity pump, and amotor driven by the fluid therefrom, of a variable speed gear.transmission and means for. preventing shifting of the geartransmission except when the hydraulictransmission is inoperative,substantially as described.

11. In a power transmission mechanism the combination with a hydraulictransmission embodying a variable capacity pump having means for.varying its capacity from zero to a maximum and a motor-driven by thefluid therefrom, of a variable speed gear transmission driven by saidmotor, means for shifting. the elements of said gear transmis- SIOII,and means cotiperating with the pump capacity varying meansto preventshifting of the gear elements except when the pump is in its zeroposition, substantially as described.

12. In a motor vehicle, the combination of a power generator, a variablecapacity pump driven thereby, a motor driven by the vfluid I therefrom,a variable speed gear transmiss10n driven by said motor, driving wheelsfor said vehicle driven bysaid gear trans-- mission, a brake mechanism,means for varymg the capacity of said pump and means coiiperatingtherewith to prevent the release I of the brake and the shifting of theelements of the gear transmission except when said capacity varyingmeans is in a predetermined position, substantially as described. p v

13. In a motor vehicle the combination of a power generator, a variablecapacity pump driven thereby, a motor driven by the fluid therefrom, aby-pass valve for short circuiting said pump, a variable speed geartransmission driven by said motor, driving wheels for said vehicledriven by said gear transmission, a brake mechanism for said vehicle,means forioperating said by-pass valve and said brake mechanism, meansfor shifting the elements of said gear transmission, means for varyingthe capacity of said pump, and means for preventing closingof theby-pass valve and releasing the brake mechanism and shifting theelements of said gear transmission except when the capacity varyingmeans is at a predetermined position, substantially as described.

14. In a power transmission, the combination of a variable speed gearcomprising a driving member and a driven member, and

means for varying the driving ratio of said In testimony whereof, I havesigned my members through a wide range for securname to thisspecification in the presence of 1 mg a sensitive speed control of thepart to two subscribing Witnesses, this 11th day of be driven, and meansfor connecting said 1 March 1911. i

5 part to be driven either directly to the CHARLES M. MANLY.

driven member or through the medium of a Witnesses: reducing gear todrive said part in the same SIGMUND NEWMAN,

direction as when directly connected. ADA I. MJLLER.

